Kedu ihe ndị na-eto eto shuga biet? Nkà na ụzụ na-akọ nri

Send

Sugar biiti bụ afọ mgbọrọgwụ akwukwo nri. Sugar, molasses na-enweta site na mkpụrụ osisi, na-eje ozi dị ka nri maka anụ ụlọ. Beets bara ọgaranya na nri na-edozi ahụ na ọdịnaya shuga. Ndị ọrụ ugbo na-akụ akwụkwọ nri maka azụmahịa, ndị na-elekọta ubi maka mkpa onwe ha.

Mgbe ị na-eto mkpụrụ osisi mgbọrọgwụ, a chọrọ ọnọdụ pụrụ iche, nlekọta kwesịrị ekwesị nke seedlings, nchebe pụọ na pests na ọrịa. Anyị ga-agwa gị n'ụzọ zuru ezu otu esi enweta owuwe ihe ubi akuku na ahụike.

Nrụpụta site na hectare 1

Ọnọdụ ihu igwe na mmiri nke ala na-emetụta ihe a na-enweta. Anakọta:

ná nkezi, 40 t / ha;
na mmiri zuru oke site na 80 ruo 90 t / ha;
ndekọ ụwa 196.7 t / ha.

Na akọrọ climates enweghị mmiri, mkpụrụ ga-ada n'okpuru 20-25t / ha.

Otu esi eto: teknụzụ na-eto eto

Osisi beets na-eto eto bụ oge na-ewe oge... Maka ịgha mkpụrụ, dozie ala na mmiri ma ọ bụ n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ. Maka nke a:

Na oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, a na-etinye nri fatịlaịza, ala na-akọ ihe omimi nke 30 cm, ahịhịa ahọpụtara. Tụlee ndị bu ya ụzọ.
N'oge opupu ihe ubi, ha na-agha mkpụrụ na-eto eto na omimi nke 8 cm.
A na-etinye mkpụrụ ahụ na mmiri ọkụ n'abalị.
A na-eme etinyerịrị maka ịkụ ihe dị anya nke 50 cm site na ibe ya. Na ọnọdụ ikuku nke + 8 degrees - 12 degrees na okpomọkụ nke ala nke + 6 degrees, a na-akụ mkpụrụ na omimi nke 5 cm.
N’ụbọchị nke isii mgbe ịgha mkpụrụ gachara, ihe nkata ahụ kpara.
Mgbe ome mbụ pụtara, a tọhapụrụ ala ahụ na omimi nke 5-7 cm.
Seedlings na-thinned si. Hapu osisi di ike.
Ala na-oge loosened na mmiri.
Owuwe ihe ubi.
Ekwe nkwa maka nchekwa ma ọ bụ jiri azụmaahịa.

Teknụzụ map nke kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ (okpokoro):

https://vuzlit.ru/342751/tehnologicheskaya_karta_vozdelyvaniya_saharnoy_svyokly.

A na-eri mkpụrụ osisi na ụlọ ọrụ ndị a na-azụta ha?

Na Moscow, a na-azụta mkpụrụ sitere na ụlọ ọrụ:

Storelọ ahịa dị n'ịntanetị "Online.semenasad.ru": 1050 rubles / kwa 1 n'arọ; Mgbasa 85 / maka 100 gr.
LLC "Agrofirmamars": 260 rubles / kwa 1 n'arọ.

Na St. Petersburg, a na-azụta mkpụrụ sitere na ụlọ ọrụ:

ụlọ ahịa dị n'ịntanetị "Green Agro": 0,80 rubles / maka 1 g; 40,00 rubles / maka 50 gr .;
Tradinglọ ahịa ntanetị Internetntanetị Regmarkets: 17 rubles / maka 4 gr.;
agbụ nke hypermarkets "Maksidom": 15 rubles / maka 4 gr.

Oge ezumike

Oge dị mma maka ịgha mkpụrụ na-adabere n'ógbè ahụ:

maka etiti latitudes - ọnwa opupu ihe ubi;
na mpaghara na-ekpo ọkụ na subtropics - ọnwa mgbụsị akwụkwọ.

Oge kacha mma akuku bụ rue etiti Eprel... Plantingbọchị osisi ndị ọzọ anaghị ekwe gị nkwa mkpụrụ nke achọrọ. Sugar biiti na-eto eto seedlings bụ mwute n'abalị frosts. N'okwu a, ọ bụ ihe amamihe dị na ịgbanwee ịgha mkpụrụ.

Họrọ ebe kachasị mma dabere na ndị bu ụzọ

Ọnọdụ na-ezighi ezi na-ebelata mkpụrụ nke mgbọrọgwụ ụtọ. Ghaa n’ebe anwụ na-acha. Na ndò, mgbọrọgwụ agaghị ebu ibu. N'ịtụle ndị bu ya ụzọ, nhọrọ kachasị mma maka beets bụ mpaghara mgbe ọka oyi gasịrị. Afọ mbụ pulses ma ọ bụ clovers kwesịrị ito n'ihu ha.

Mgbọrọgwụ kụrụ na-akụ na ochie ebe mgbe afọ atọ. Beets anaghị amasị nso nke mmiri mmiri.

Akwụkwọ! Atụla anya ezigbo owuwe ihe ubi mgbe ndị bu ya ụzọ: ọka, rapeseed, flax, legumes.

Gịnị kwesịrị ịbụ ala?

Maka akuku, a na-ahọrọ chernozems, loamy ma ọ bụ ájá ájá ájá na mmeghachi omume na-anọpụ iche. Ha kwesịrị ịbụ ìhè, friable, ọgaranya nri, enriched na organic na ịnweta nri. Okpokoro ala, mmiri jupụtara na pH n'okpuru 6% (acidic) adịghị adabara maka ịkọ mkpụrụ. Ala kwesiri inwe ahihia ahihia na oke ugwu.

Agha

Seeding ọnụego na-adabere germination na-adị ọcha. Nke dị elu na ọnụ ọgụgụ germination, obere osisi achọrọ maka akuku. Na seeding ọnụego na-emetụta àgwà nke mgbọrọgwụ kụrụ. Site na mmụba na ọnụego, a na-echi mgbọrọgwụ. Mbelata dị ukwuu na ọnụ ọgụgụ ịgha mkpụrụ na-eduga na mbelata nke mkpụrụ.
Tebụl a na-egosi ọtụtụ mpaghara beets dị mkpa maka mpaghara enyere.

Omenala	Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke osisi kwa 10 m²(PC.)	Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke osisi kwa hectare (PC.)	Mkpụrụ osisi na-emeghe maka ala mepere emepe, (g / 10 m²)	Mkpụrụ ọnụego maka oghere na-emeghe, (kg / ha)
Biiti	400-600	400000-600000	10-12	10-12

Osisi na-akụ na a omimi nke 2-3 cm, nsannsan nke 18-22 cm, dabere na ha chọrọ osisi njupụta. Usoro ahịrị bụ cm 45 ma ọ bụ 50. Maka mkpụrụ kachasị elu, a na-atụ aro ịgha mkpụrụ nke 80,000 - 100,000 osisi kwa hectare. Seedgha mkpụrụ nke shuga biiti bụ mkpụrụ 222 puku mkpụrụ.

Ọnọdụ cultivation

Sugar biiti na-eto nke ọma na mpaghara:

ọnọdụ ihu igwe dị ala;
ebe okpomọkụ;
subtropical.

Kacha okpomọkụ nke na-eto eto mgbọrọgwụ kụrụ:

maka mkpụrụ germination 10-12 Celsius C;
maka ahihia 20-22 Celsius C.

Opekempe nke ala mkpụrụ maka mkpụrụ germination bụ 3 - 4 Celsius C. Germination na-emewanye ka okpomọkụ na-arịwanye elu.

Na-eto eto Ome ndị chọrọ nlezianya na ntu oyi. Nguzo oyi na-abawanye na ọdịdị nke akwụkwọ mbụ.

Mgbọrọgwụ osisi anaghị amasị nsị mmiri... Ogologo mgbọrọgwụ na-eji ala mmiri akwakọba n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ-oyi oge. Ọrịa ụbọchị na-emetụta shuga na August - Ọktọba. Oge ọkụ na-eme ka mmepe mmepe ngwa ngwa.

Eringgbara mmiri

Tupu ịgha mkpụrụ, a na-agba ala ahụ mmiri maka mkpụrụ germination. Igwe mmiri na-arịwanye elu na-egbochi mmepe nke ihe mgbọrọgwụ mgbọrọgwụ na nchịkọta shuga. Oké mmiri ozuzo na-emebi ihe ọkụkụ. Osisi chọrọ ihe dị ka 25 m3 kwa hectare mmiri n'oge oge eto, 40 m3 kwa hectare n'oge elu na-eto eto. Dependsgbara na-adabere n'ụdị ala na ọnọdụ ihu igwe:

rụrụ ala na-moistened ugboro abụọ n'izu;
oke ala - otu ugboro n'izu.

A na-akwụsị mmiri ruo izu abụọ ma ọ bụ anọ tupu oge aghọrọ. A na-ahapụ ogbugba mmiri n'ubi iji kwado mbupute nke akwukwo nri site na ala n'oge owuwe ihe ubi.

Uwe elu

Sugar beets na-achọ ọnọdụ ala... Ọ na-ewe ọtụtụ nri site na nri. Iji mee mkpụrụ dị elu, a na-etinye nri ala maka beets na maka mkpụrụ osisi oyi na-ebu ya ụzọ. Nke mbụ 10-15 ụbọchị mgbe germination na-kasị iwesa site mineral.

A na-etinye nri fatịlaịza na potassium na ala n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ (10 - 20 n'arọ / ha). Oriri na-edozi ahụ bara uru dị mkpa n'oge e guzobere mgbọrọgwụ kụrụ.
A na-agbakwunye nitrogen na ala fractionally na mmiri tupu agha (90-100 n'arọ / ha).

Tinye:

lime-ammonium nitrate;
calcium nitrogen sulfate na nitrogen sulfate.

Ọgwụgwọ ala ahụ na ahihia ahihia

A na-ahọrọ nkwadebe na-adabere na ihu igwe na mmiri ala. Tinye tupu ịgha mkpụrụ. Ogo nke ala na-emetụta nsonaazụ nhazi. Maka ọbụna nkesa ọgwụ ahụ, a na-akụpịa nnukwu clods nke ụwa.

A na-emeso ha megide ahịhịa, na-eburu n'uche ihe ndị a chọrọ:

oge - n'isi ụtụtụ ma ọ bụ mgbede;
ahịhịa ga-abụrịrị mmalite mmalite nke mmepe;
okpomọkụ ikuku banyere 20 degrees C;
enweghị ọdịda banyere 6 awa mgbe ọgwụgwọ.

Ogwu ahihia kacha ewu ewu bụ:

Betanal;
Lọntrị;
Shogun.

Dị mkpa! Cheta ichebe gburugburu ebe obibi. Rịba ama ọnụego ọgwụ. Gbochie ha ịbanye na mmiri mmiri na mmiri.

Ndị ọzọ na-elekọta ihe oriri na-elekọta

Beets anaghị adị... Akụkụ ya dị elu na-ebili n'elu ala, enweghị mgbọrọgwụ na mgbọrọgwụ mgbọrọgwụ. Nlekọta nlekọta beet gụnyere:

na-akụda;
atọpụ;
mulching.

A na-eme ka shuga biiti shuga ụbọchị 5-7 mgbe ịghasị mkpụrụ ma ọ bụ ụbọchị 3 tupu ome ga omimi nke 10-12 cm A na-emepụghe nke mbụ na ome mbụ. Mgbe akwụkwọ 4-5 pụtara, a na-atọpụ ya nke ugboro abụọ na omimi nke 6-8 cm. A na-emepụtakwu mgbatị ahụ mgbe mmiri na mmiri ozuzo gasịrị.

Mulching na-enye ohere:

normalize ala mmiri;
chebe ome site na ifufe na mbuze mmiri;
mụbaa ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụwaworms, nke ga-eme ka ala ghara ịmalite.

Dị ka mulch, ha na-ewere ahịhịa, nke fọdụrụ site na ọka nke ọka afọ na rye nke afọ gara aga. A na-eri tọn ahịhịa ahịhịa ahọ bụ nke ruru hekta ato ise.

Nhicha teknụzụ

Mgbọrọgwụ ahịhịa na-eto eto ruo ọnwa atọ... A na-ewe ihe ubi na Septemba na ihu igwe akọrọ. Mfri eke beets nwere odo n'elu. N’ebe buru ibu, a na-eji igwe eji eme ihe ihe ubi, n’elu obere ebe ejiri pọfọk ma ọ bụ shọvel emebi ya, werezie aka wepụta ya. A na-eji mma wepu elu, a na-ahapụ hemp na ịdị elu otu na ọkara cm, ebe a na-egbutu ya na ntụ.

Dị mkpa! Kpachara anya mgbe ị na-ewe ihe ubi. Enweghi ike ịchekwa akwụkwọ nri mgbọrọgwụ mebiri emebi ruo ogologo oge.

Nchekwa

Ahuru ahihia:

kpochara n'uwa;
akpọnwụ n'ime anyanwụ.

Chekwaa ihe ubi na ebe di nkpuru, ikuku. A na-echebe ihe ọkụkụ sitere na ìhè anyanwụ. Ọ bụrụ na enweghị ụlọ kwesịrị ekwesị, mgbe ahụ, a na-agbanye akwụkwọ nri n'ime ikpo ma ọ bụ olulu dị n'ubi, jiri ahịhịa ma ọ bụ sawdust machie.

Ọrịa

Cercosporosis bụ otu n'ime isi ọrịa shuga biiti... Na epupụta curl na nkụ si na ọdịdị aja aja ma ọ bụ ntụ ntụ ntụ. A hụrụ na mpaghara niile. Na-ebelata ọdịnaya shuga ruo ihe ruru 50% ma bibie 70% nke ihe ọkụkụ.

Control jikoro:

liming nke ala acidic;
nnabata na ntụgharị ihe ọkụkụ;
akuku ihe omuma.

Iji kpuchido beets site na ọrịa, a na-agbakwunye ntụ ash na boron na ala. Site na enweghi boron na ala ma obu na odighi, a na-etolite mgbọrọgwụ na oji ojii na beets.

Pests

Ahụhụ bekee nke Sugar beet na-ebute oke nsogbu n’osisi a. Ndị a gụnyere:

Scoops... The katapila gnaws na ị ga, nbibi epupụta na mgbọrọgwụ na akọrọ na-ekpo ọkụ ihu igwe.
Afrị... A Suụ ihe ọ fromụ juiceụ si na-eto eto epupụta. Ọ na-amụba ngwa ngwa.
Fleas... Ha na-ata ikikere nke akwukwo.
Wayaworms... Ebe larvae bibie na-eto eto na mgbọrọgwụ ma na-akpali n'ime mkpụrụ ya.
Matt Nri Nri... Ebe na larvae emebi emebi kụrụ na mmiri mmiri.

N'ihi na pesti akara na-eji:

elu mma n'ibu tillage;
ọgwụ ọgwụ nke ala na osisi.

Sugar biiti bụ ihe oriri dị mma nke ga-eme ka ọgụ dịkwuo mma, mezie mgbaze, ma jupụta enweghi vitamin na mineral. Ma akwukwo nri nwekwara ihe nchoputa n'ihi ihe di elu nke glucose. Nke a metụtara ndị ọrịa mamịrị. Mgbọrọgwụ akwukwo nri lowers ọbara mgbali.

Send